IMPACT OF TIKTOK CYBERBULLYING ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF NIGERIAN YOUTHS

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0 Introduction

The following sub-topics were briefly discussed in this chapter: conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and Review of pertinent empirical investigations, as well as a synopsis of the studied literatures.

2.1 Conceptual Review

2.1.1 The Concept of Mental Health

          Mental health has been a global concern in recent years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is defined as the state of well-being in which individuals realise their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and are able to contribute to their community (WHO, 2017). The three most common issues in mental health are depression, stress, and anxiety. According to American Psychiatry Association, mental health issue is defined as the problem to function in the social aspect and it is related to the conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking, and/or behaviour of an individual. It is associated with depression, anxiety, and distress with problems functioning in social, work, or family activities. Mental health affects daily life such as productivity (working, studying), family relationship, and physical health. In a report by American Psychiatry Association, one in five (19%) of American adults experienced some form of mental health problem and one in twenty-four (4.1%) suffered from serious mental health issues (Ranna, 2018).

          Mental health has been observed to be connected with the prevalence of social media addiction among young university students. Over the last couple of years, Internet addiction and social media addiction have become a global concern to the public and these can be classified as health issues. From a clinical psychologist’s perspective, the addiction to social media is a waste and poses a serious concern to its users’ health, especially young people. “Facebook Addiction Disorder” and “Social Network Site Addiction Disorder” happen because addiction criteria, such as neglect of personal life, mental preoccupation, escapism, mood modifying experiences, tolerance, and concealing the addictive behaviour appear to be present in some people who use social networking sites excessively (Kuss & Griffiths, 2011), which lead to the prevalence of social media addiction.

2.1.2 The Concept of Social Media

          Social media is that means that employs mobile and web based technology to create highly interactive platforms via which individuals and community share, co-create, discuss and modifies users generated content (Nwabueze, 2011). Social media is a phrase being tossed around a lot. It is a website that does not just give you information but interact with you while giving you information. It is a group of internet based application that allows the creation and exchange of users generated content. It is easy to confuse social media with social news because we often refer to members of the news as the media. Adding to it, that social news site is also social media site. Some media website includes;

1. Social book Marking – interact by tagging website and searching through website book marked by others (Blink list, simple).

 2. Social News – interact by voting for articles and commenting on them (Digg, propello).

3.  Social Networking – interact by adding friends, commenting on photo and profiles, sharing groups for discussions (Face book, 2go, BB chat)

4.  Social Photo and Video Sharing – interact by sharing photos or videos and commenting on the user submission (U-tube and fliki).

5. Wikis – interact by adding articles and editing existing articles. (Wikipedia, wikia). (Retrieved December 4th 2022) (www.wikepediafreeencyclopedia.com).

          Social media refers to the means of interaction among people in which they create, share, exchange and comment among themselves in different networks. Albertazzi and Cobley(2010) are of the opinion that social media is a group of internet based application that builds on the ideological foundation and allows the creation and exchange of users – generated content. Social media has become one of the major channel of chatting through platforms such as 2go, BB chat, blogger and wiki a. There has been an increase in the mobile social media which has created new opportunity for browsing (www.census.gov). The internet usage effect of social media, in views of Nielson, (2012) is that, internet users continue to spend more time on the social media than any site. The total time spent on social media across mobile devices increased by 37%, 121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 88 billion minutes in July 2011.

Jonah (2013) classified social media into six different classes as follows;