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07030248044ABSTRACT
The efforts of governments to solve the problems ill health specifically among youths is falling and lack of involvement and recognition of the roles played by parents and families also contribute to the falling standards in health. This research examined the parenting style and health of undergraduate in selected Universities. The survey research was used in this study to sample the opinion of respondents. This method involved random selection of respondents who were administered with questionnaires. The attachment theory, social learning theory among others were adopted to explain the theoretical structure of parenting styles.The target population of the study comprised selected students from various faculty from the University ofUyo and Akwa Ibom State, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The questionnaire administered was four hundred (400) copies and three hundred and ninety-seven(397) were retrieved which constitute the sample size. The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted for analysis sung SPSS version 20. The result revealed that there is a significant influence of parenting styles on health of undergraduate in selected universities. The finding of the study also reveals that authoritative parenting style is the most adopted parenting style. The finding of the study also reveals that authoritarian parenting style is one of the parenting styles that lead to psychological issues among undergraduates. The findings of the study reveal that is a significant relationship significant relationship between parenting style and health of undergraduate in selected universities. It was therefore concluded that parenting style significantly have influence on the health of undergraduates in selected university in Nigeria. It was recommended that Parents should implement conscious effort to enhance positive influence on their children learning performance and also they should help the child to develop good self-concept.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Research has sought to identify the causal factors associated with psychopathology. Psychopathology researchers have recently urged psychologists to examine the role of psychosocial factors in childhood and the casual role they play in development of psychological problems, like depression (Widiger et al., 2018). One possible developmental factor of particular interest is parenting. Parenting practices influence children’s emotional and psychological development, such that positive parenting is associated with positive outcomes.
Parenting styles can be seen as two underlying constructs of warmth and control (Hock et al., 2018). Warmth can be defined as positive regard, acceptance, affection, and support from the parent to the child whereas, in contrast, control can be defined as discipline and limited freedom (Hock et al., 2018). Past research has shown that culture and traditional upbringings influence parenting style. There have also been studies done on parenting styles and its relation to the amount of depression observed in gender (Hock et al., 2018). It was shown that “girls were more likely to report strict parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian) than were boys for both mothers and fathers” (Hock et al., 2018). When looking at levels of depression observed in gender, it was shown that authoritarian parenting style was associated with decreased depressive symptoms in males and increased depressive levels in females. (Hock et al., 2018).
Depression and anxiety are more common where both father and mother are perceived as authoritarian (McKinney et al., 2011). Children of authoritarian parents are poor in self-control and emotional regulation than authoritative parents resulting in psychopathology (Williams et al., 2012). A permissive parenting style leads to the development of poor self-concept and mental health (Niaraki & Rahimi, 2013). Chan and Koo (2011) found that authoritarian parenting style is linked with social problems, delinquent acts, and a lower accomplishment rate. Positive and supportive parenting behavior predicts better mental health among adolescents (Singh et al., 2018). The gender of the parent is reported to influence the perception of parenting style. Society and culture direct the role of mother and father socially to a great extent. In most societies, cultural norms are such that mothers spend more time with children than the fathers, consequent to which they are expected to dedicate more time catering to the emotional and psychological needs of children whereas fathers are expected to be providers and disciplinarians (Ang, 2006; McKinney & Renk, 2008a; Phares et al., 2009).
According to Spera (2005) the way parents make up their children and the ways they reacted to their children’s compliment can be the factor that influences children’s will to achieve their purpose or goal. Chao (2012) showed that parent, through their styles of parenting build critical foundation for every area of children’s development and achievement. Nigerian fathers have been described as ‘‘the detached disciplinarian’’ Ang (2006). Indian society is patriarchal, and various factors contributing to this system persist today (Sinclair, 2021). However, fathers have also started spending more time with their children in the past few decades (Gryczkowski et al., 2010). Although there is no consensus on the theory of parenting and how it shapes children's development, the existing research base indicates that parenting style has a major influence on the child's development (Thergaonkar & Wadkar, 2007). The perspective with which children perceive their parent's parenting influences the children's mental health. Furthermore, the gender of the parent has an impact on the shaping of a child's personality under the patriarchal society. The present research attempted to investigate the impact of parenting styles on the health of undergraduates in selected undergraduates in Nigeria.
The efforts of governments to solve the problems ill health specifically among youths is falling and lack of involvement and recognition of the roles played by parents and families also contribute to the falling standards in health. Child foundation begin at home which serves as the first point of contact for the child and family is the socializing agent of children that impact knowledge on them either good or bad. It is through family that personality traits, social competence, psychological, emotional, physical and educational development of children developed as a result of the parenting styles, the parents adopt and use in bringing child up. Types of parenting styles use by parent depend on what style they use to bring the child up, this creates a growth inhibiting relationship and environment which may affects children in all area of their lives, especially academic competence and success. This means that it will lead to instability and confusion in the children (Frazier, 2013), which consequently affect their developmental outcomes and learning ability. Poor cognitive systems would be developed as well learning competence, which would lead to poor learning among students. Recent developments in the field of parenting and family studies have led to the interest in the relationship between psychological issues and parenting style. Meanwhile, despite this relationship between the two variables, there is a dearth in literature specifically among the undergraduate’s population. It is based on this finding that the present study seeks to examine the influence of parenting styles on the health of undergraduates in selected universities in Nigeria.
The following questions will give the present study a direction;
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to examine the parenting style and health of undergraduate in selected Universities. Other specific objectives of the study include;
Justification for the Study/Justification for the Study
This study will provide insight on how parenting styles influence the health of undergraduates. The study is therefore of importance to many individuals including, school management will be made aware of importance of learning the parenting styles that a student goes through in order to avoid poor learning performance.
The relevance of this study can be seen in the combination of personality, parenting style and learning strategies. The study will also benefit parents in learning how their parenting styles influence their children learning in school and society at large.
The study will make each student to understand themselves in term of learning. Finally, the study will add to the body of knowledge.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is to examine parenting styles and the health of undergraduates in selected University in Nigeria. This study will be limited to Universities in Akwa Ibom State (University of Uyo and Akwa Ibom State University).
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