THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ECONOMICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL (CASE STUDY OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Instructional materials according to Emma and Ajayi (2004) are those things which help teaching and learning process. It helps to promote understanding of the concept and generalization by making lesson practical and realistic. Any teacher who has the interest of the student at heart is bound to think of the ways and means he will employ to make his teaching and learning process moiré effective and more interesting to the student.

Health on the other hand, is been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2004) “as a state of complete, physical, mental and social well being not merely the absent of disease or infirmity. 

According to Odue (2011), economics  is a process of acquiring health information to make judgment on health behaviour and practices. Economics  is sum of all experiences that will develop desirable attitudes, practices and knowledge of an individual, family of community health. The emphasis in economics  also includes a teaching and learning transaction between the health teachers and the recipient or student. According to Adeniyi (2000), the the effect of instructional materials is to communicate more permanently, health related issues, and information is retained when supplemented with aid. Certainly instructional materials when carefully selected and skillfully used will make learning more effective. Therefore it becomes necessary to investigate the importance of instructional materials in teaching and learning of economics . Using Oredo Local Government Area as the case study.

However, man and animal possess the necessary abilities for learning. In other words they are potential learners. Certain factors within and outside the learner determine how effectively each individual learn. They are internal when they lie within the individual and external when they lie outside the learner or individual as the case may be.

Instructional materials can be in different forms such as textual and non-textual, the visual the auditory and audio-visual. Witwoth and Benson (2003), indicate that there is a need for research on the use and effectiveness of instructional materials in economics  classroom that would enhances its teaching. With these concerns in mind and the educational development in Oredo Areas of Edo State. The current study is carried out to address the issues of the the effect of instructional materials in economics  teaching in the schools.       

Statement of the Problem

The the effect of instructional materials in economics  instructions has been widely researched but many questions are still remains unanswered. The needs for exploring locally available materials as an alternative for the grossly unavailable materials in our schools, resourcefulness of the teacher must be in line with the learners’ curriculum and environment so that classroom teaching does not have to be retarded by lack of funds.

Hence, government must strive to develop her local technology in all its ramifications, since economics  is interested in providing solutions to man’s problems holistically. Many writers in economics  have pointed out the grossly unavailability of instructional materials coupled with teachers attitude towards the utilization during classroom teaching-learning situations.

The problems are that; instructional materials not available in our schools, teachers are not improvising and reluctant in using them. Thus, in this research attempt would be made to:-

    i.        Identify various secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State that required instructional materials.

  ii.        Identify instructional materials needed for effective teaching and learning of economics in secondary school.

iii.        Identify instructional materials available in secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area.

 iv.        Identify how the the effect of instructional materials like chalkboard, funnel board, model real things, overhead projector, tape recorders, radio, television etc affect the performance of students in secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area.    

Purpose of the Study

        The purpose of the study is;

1.      To identify how frequently economics  teacher utilizes instructional materials during economics  lessons.

2.      To identify problem associated with these of instructional materials in economics instruction.

3.      To identify reason why the teacher do not use instructional materials.

4.      To identify the benefits of instructional materials to the student.

5.      To identify suggested solutions to the problem of instructional materials.