THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL MOTIVATION ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ENUGU URBAN

Abstract

This study is intended to examine the impact of financial motivation on workers performance. The study at hand is based on the relationship between financial incentive and workers performance. The employees made it clear that they will increase their productivity if adequate in incentives are given to them. The main objective of this research are to determine if there is a relationship between financial motivation and workers performance bearing in mind the conditions, external and internal that affect our local firms. Again, to find out to what extent money act as a behaviour modificator. There has not been a cordial relationship between the workers and employers. In most organization their auditors have been denied of misunderstanding, conflicts, confusion frustration and disputes among employees and employer, most organizations complained of ill-treatment. In this research work the simple size is 70 and the sampling technique is random sample used as probability proportionate i.e. 85 and methods of data collecting is questionnaire. The researchers also went into seeking their views and dissatisfaction in the give establishments. The worker complained about the attitude of the management towards them, their peers earn more, some better-paid worker workless, they are paid and other factors. In order to increase organisation output, the management has an assignment to accomplish, that is setting up an attainable standard of performance and behaviour for all workers to meet, all incentives should be fashioned in way that will make it dependent on final output and then right kind of behaviour. The following recommendations were made amongst others, (i) employees should be given financial incentives after the occurrence of a desired behaviour, or when the established goals are reached. Also it is recommended that this equity must be perceived by management as comparisons made not only within the organization but outside the labour market also.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page-      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      i

Approval  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      ii

Certification     -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      iii

Dedication       -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      iv

Acknowledgement    -      -      -      -      -      -      -      v

Table of contents     -      -      -      -      -      -      -      vi

List of tables    -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      viii

Abstracts  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the study  -      -      -      -      -      1

1.2      Statement of problem      -      -      -      -      -      4

1.3      Objectives of the study    -      -      -      -      -      6

1.4      Significance of the study -       -      -      -      -      7

1.5      Research question   -      -      -      -      -      -      10

1.6      Scope of the study   -      -      -      -      -      -      11

1.7      Limitation of the study     -      -      -      -      -      11

1.8      Definition of terms   -      -      -      -      -      -      12   

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      Conceptional frame work-      -      -      -      -      14

2.2      Financial motivation tied with performance      -      16

2.3      Money as a behaviour modification  -      -      -      19

2.4      Motivation measures and methods of linking   -      22

2.5      Incentive bonus formular-      -      -      -      -      27

2.6      Motivation of the Nigerian workers through the financial incentive  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      29

2.7      Summary of review  -      -      -      -      -      -      32

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODS

3.1      Research design      -      -      -      -      -      -      34

3.2      Area of the study     -      -      -      -      -      -      34

3.3      Population of the study    -      -      -      -      -      35

3.4      Sampling size and sampling technique     -      -      35

3.5      Instrument for data collection  -      -      -      -      37

3.6      Method of data collection-      -      -      -      -      38

3.7      Validation of the instrument    -      -      -      -      38

3.8      Method of data analysis   -      -      -      -      -      39

CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1      Data Presentation and Analysis       -      -      -      40

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1      Summary of finding-      -      -      -      -      -      45

5.2      Conclusion       -      -      -      -      -      -      -      49

5.3      Recommendation     -      -      -      -      -      -      51

5.4      Suggestions for further studies        -      -      -      53

Reference-      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      54   

Appendix  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      55

LIST OF TABLE

What are the impacts of financial motivation on workers performance in selected manufacturing firms in Enugu urban?       -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -         40

What is the relationship between financial motivation and workers performance?     -      -      -      -      -      -         42  

What are the major factors to be considered when relating financial motivation to workers performance?.-        43

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

        This chapter comprises of back ground of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, research question, scope of the study, limitations of the study, and definition of terms.

1.1                                   Background of the Study

There is a general belief that the productivity of our manufacturing firms are generally low as compared to those of other countries. This no doubt is one of the causes of the low Gross National product experienced in Nigeria today. The above coupled with the ever-increasing population results of the low capital income stop pervading the nation.

The foregoing when matched with the soaring inflationary rate leads to high cost of living and consequently low standard of living.

Whether management practitioners blame the low productivity on workers or on management. It is an established fact that the efficiency of workers constitute the efficiency of the organization. Consequently the efficiency of the organization enhance the organizational performance. Based on this analysis, all forms of organizations, ranging from small scale to large scale industries need an effective plan to motive their workers to higher performance to enable them face the competition and challenges of this economic down-turn in the country.

Considering the different view on what motivates an individual towards high performance, there has been an increased search by behavioural scientists into this problem. An examination of their work reveals that people in an industrial setting are not so different form people in other works of life. To the extent that this is true, the introduction of financial motivation will influence their behaviour. In the words of Gupta and Jenkins 1982. “Research in this area unequivocally demonstrates that money can be used to motivate the employers. The question then becomes what is a company motivational systems, some motivational system reward seniority while others still reward effective performance”.

Based on need hierarchy, there are two basic types of needs. The higher and lower order needs. A critical look at these two types of needs that workers in less developed countries are still occupied with the lower order needs. A critical look at these two types of needs that workers in less developed countries are still occupied with the lower order needs. Employers administering motivational plans for employees in Nigeria work setting should address their minds to the satisfaction of these lower order needs which are likely to motivate them.

According to Nwosu 1985 “it is important that the application of the management (Motivation) theories in Nigeria should acknowledge some basic problems of survival, viz, shelter, food and clothing.

Organization psychologists seem to believe that the motivation of employees has became Ode of them must critical task facing organizations today more especially as it concerns the use of financial motivation as a management tool. This is because all the efforts to influence performance through this technique have not consistently yielded good result. This has kept the management, experts still searching for a more effective way of motivating worker thus the researchers interest in the topic under study.

1.2                                   Statement of the Problem

There has been definition of financial motivation as there are writers. According to Idow 1987.

Financial motivations refer to all monetary (out comes) provided by organizationally functional ways. In this study financial motivation would be defined in terms of monetary compensation, either in form of wages individual bonuses allowances or other types of financial remunerations workers performances been defined in terms of profit level of output and goals attained by the worker within a particular time say, two years.

Studies in this topic have gained general acceptance across cultures and nations. But there is still the need for an empirical study of this sort which will evaluate the effect of financial motivation and performance based on a systematic analysis of the situations in work places in the country.

There has been a low rate of labour turnover during the last few years. This low rate of turn-over is still witnessed inspite the excess work-load that is being experienced in some of our manufacturing firms could this associated with the financial incentive they receive or because of lack of job opportunities else where?. Another consideration with regard to the uncertain effect of incentive plans on performance is the funding that although many firms believe they have tied pay to performance. Infact their pay polices tie more closely to such factors as age, seniority, job placement, sex and race. Thus, it is often difficult to assure that pay is actually tied to performance even when this management is intention.

In view of the forgoing, what readily comes to mind is whether adequate pay tends to the satisfaction in all ramification on this premise, the researchers want to examine the impact of financial motivation on workers performance in a selected manufacturing forms in Enugu urbans.

1.3                                                  Purpose of the Study

i.            To know the impact of financial motivation on workers performance in selected manufacturing firm in Enugu urban.

ii.          To determine if there is a relationship between financial motivation and workers performance bearing in mind the conditions, external and internal that affect our local firms.

iii.         To find out to what extent money acts as a behaviour modificator.

iv.        The study will determine the major factors to be considered when relating financial motivation to workers performance.

1.4                                                  Significance of the Study

This study will bring to light to all employers of labour and people who wish to improve on their knowledge in motivational techniques. This is so because people go into business with the intension of making profit. Profit could be made when employees produce goods in large quantities and good quality such aims could be achieved when employees are induced to work harder.

Let’s consider the following: Policy maker, employers, employees and the researcher.

The policy makers: It initiates policies that guide the employers of labour in the economy. AN agreement collectively reached in a collective bargaining process forms the basis for the formulation of the law on the issue in question. The negotiation involving the retirement age of the workers guided the formulation of the law on the 65years of retirement. It is seen as the most rational process of determine and reviewing the terms and condition of employement. This process manifests the power relationship between the employees and employers. It goes beyond the process of negotiation between the employees and employer on issues directly affecting conditions of employment. Employers: the employer in an organization has a lot to do to make the labour put in their best at all times. An organization employs the services of the labour in order to achieve a set of predetermined target. The organization support the progressive career development of the labour by continually adding to their skills, abilities and knowledge. The knowledge of the future plan of an organization helps the employees to plan on improving themselves so as to share on the future expectation.

The employers are interested in the level of improvement in the work life of the workers. This calls for the efforts of the organization to ensure that the workers are improved through in-service training, workshops and seminars.

Employees: the employee is referred to as the worker who has a contract of employement to protect. In protecting the contract, the employee has some responsibilities to fulfill. They should effectively manage their career in order to contribute in the achievement of the organizational goals. In a modern world of ours the employees ought to be successful in their career by building and maintaining up to date skill and knowledge, the employees should keep improving on their skills of performing their functions. This can achieved through in-service training workshop and seminars. That is to say, that the workers have to stay current within their technical specialty there is every need that the employees are given the opportunity to be creative by initiating ideas that can be used to solve problems.

The researcher: the researcher believed that the study will help clear the controversy on whether there is a relationship between financial motivation and employers performance. The researcher review that employees in any organization should have the opportunity to get new, interesting and professionally challenging work experiences. When workers challenged in their daily work experiences they are bound to research on how to solve those challenging problem, thereby increasing their intellectual capacity.

1.5                                                  Research Question

The following research questions were formulated for this study:

i.            What are the impact of financial motivation on workers performance in selected manufacturing firms in Enugu urban?

ii.          What are the relationship between financial motivation and workers performance?

iii.         What are major factors to be considered when relating financial motivation to workers performance?

iv.        To what extent can money acts as behaviour modificator?

1.6                                                  Scope of the Study

This study covers the impact of financial motivation on workers performance. It also focuses on their effects on the operations of selected manufacturing firms in Enugu state.