BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTORL AS A MANAGERIAL TOOL IN ORGANISATIONS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

PREAMBLE

Every Business oriented organization is aimed among other at making profits so high as possible.  All efforts, therefore are diversified at effective planning process with a maximum cost involvement in its decision making drive towards achieving the desired objectives, management often provides basic guideline which are quantified in financial terms and it mineral values.

Budgeting and budgetary control will continue to play a significant role in banking industry, its contributions today’s in competitive Banking environment and budgetary techniques by banking industry spared by intense revealer from other financial institution.

Due to the nature of banking industry, budgeting cannot be treated in exactly the same way in manufacturing firms.  Although the practice is different.  The difference lies in the fact that manufacturing firms are product oriented while banks are service oriented organization.

Budgeting is required to achieve many deferent aims within an organization, if not only aid in planning, co-ordinations and communicating the activities of the banks, but also as a control and motivating devices in the management of the management of the organization.

Budgeting call for effective monitoring and controlled by the head of the organization since budget animates from different sections departments and all the branches of a company which no company is an exception so as to guarantee its reliability and also minimize deviation from plans.

Budgeting starts with the setting out of the objectives of the organization by the management for the budget year according to government’s fiscal and monetary guideline and policies. The top management staffs must communicate the policy affect the long term plan to those who are responsible for preparing the current year budget.  The manager prepare the minimal budgets for those area for which they are responsible and submit it to their supervisory officer while the budget is examined and summarized into master budget which consists of budgeted profits and loss accounts, balance sheet and the cash statement.

The approval of the master budget constitute authorities of the manager countered in carrying out the plants while are contained in each budget.

For management to provide adequate control over the over the budget of an organization, It should co-ordinate all the various phrases of the firms activities and the collaboration of the responsible parties in achieving the actual results with budget to establish the variance.  It should trace the variances to where it arose so as to control the various effectively.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There is nothing as bad as not planning for an event in the business circle.  While business operations will not want to go out of business, the mistakes will tills occur that will make them go out of the business, the mistakes will remain that some of them do not take pains to work according to their own budget.

This study, will investigate the extent to which bank have incorporated budgeting and budgeting control process in their banking operation.  Young business would see budgeting as more formality while the estimation which is supposed to be a guide in their banking operation, going business would see budgeting as a more formality while the actual performance will be far away from the estimation which is supposed to be a guide in their drive towards revenue generation and expenditure, before the modern way of budgeting.  There has been an informal way which does not follow the normal protocol ad in modern budgeting and budgetary control in banks.  There are some questions which are of great importance to budgetary control process that come to mind.

-       Why is there still banks failure despite the use of budgeting and budgetary process?

-       How can budgeting and budgetary control are improved in banking industry

-       Does budgetary control process help bank to achieve their goals and objectives?  It is based on this that I see it necessary to research on this using union Bank of Nigeria Plc as a case study.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY                                    

There has presently been as increasing spate of banking industry dissatisfaction with budgeting and budgetary control process.

This study will aim at looking at the following:

i       Highlighting the impact of the budgeting and budgetary control process on bank operations.

ii      Appraise the efficiency of the system in banking co-ordination.

iii Examining the budgeting and budgetary control system in actualization of the Bank plans and objectives.

iv      Conclusively, to recommend ways and condition to enhancing efficiency.

HYPOTHESIS

        The going a long way to achieving some of the goals and ascertain the significance role of budgeting and budgetary control in banking industry, the following hypothesis are formulated.

-Hi:   Budgeting and budgetary control do helps bans to achieve their goals and objectives.

Ho: Budgeting and budgetary control does not helps bans to achieve their goals and objectives.

Hi:    Budgeting and Budgetary do help to control process can be improved in banking industry.

Ho: Budgeting and Budgetary does not to control process can be improved in banking industry.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The study is restricted to evaluating of Budgeting and Budgetary control of Union Bank Plc specifically, a case study approach is adopted and various department, branches and sections are assembled by the budget department of Head Office and consolidated into a budget income and expenditure account and balance sheet of the bank as a whole.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

        The importance attached to this area of study has necessitated this research topic and the objectives and goals of the bank will be achieved would be of great importance in the following ways.

i       Budget and Budgetary control can give “early warning” of impending problems.For instance, shortages of cash or business opportunities.

ii      It assists in decision making e.g. identifying the budgeted costs and budgeted revenue of a capital expenditure proposal.

iii      It assists co-ordination of functions and business areas e.g. purchasing and stock, production and sales, finance and uses of home.

iv      It will enhance good result of the objective of the bank.

v       It’s budget gives the banks a convenient time in making decision on budgeted revenue and expenditure.

vi      It will encourage the banks and other firms that are not in banking industry to look ahead and plan ahead.

vii     It helps the bank to identify the resource of the efficient utilization.

viii    Budgeting and budgetary control gives early warning of impending problems so as to enable the managers of the banks to strive to achieve the organizational goals and try to advert the problems

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

        The framework of this study is centered only as organization. The project was limited on the data and the questionnaires that were collected from the particular bank of study and the textbooks and journals; I was to gain access to during the course of the study.

METHODOLOGY

        In carrying out this research works questionnaires   

        will be used to collect information from the bank in   

         study.

-       Interview techniques will also be used.

-       Annual report of this bank and other related materials that information can be gotten from would be glanced through from the necessary departments.